Analysis Of The Book The Bluest Eye - 1917 Words

1. Through the Big Screen and Flashing Lights In the book The Bluest Eye Mrs. Breedlove talks about who was her motivation, who gave her drive to start dressing up nice and refashioning herself. She started using celebrities as role models or a mirror to help her find ways for her to get the same physical attractiveness they have. In the book Mrs. Breedlove mentions that,†I went to see Clark Gable and Jean Harlow. I fixed my hair up like I’d seen hers on a magazine. A part on the side, with one little curl on my forehead. It looked just like her†¦ There I was, five months pregnant, trying to look like Jean Harlow, and a front tooth gone. Everything went then. Look like I just didn t care no more after that. I let my hair go, plaited it†¦show more content†¦They felt that some natural aspects of their bodies are not good enough to look beautiful† (Karupiah 11). This illustrate how women in the media serves as a reflection on ordinary women. Women idolize the beautiful women on tv and all the love and attention they get and try to mimic their physical appearance to have that feeling of beauty and acceptance. Any women who does not fit up to the latest beauty trends or the qualities of the mainstream standards of beauty will have a feeling of being isolated from society and a feeling of not looking good enough for society standards. Feelings like that can only lead up to low self esteem and a anti social attitude taking away their chances of having a happy life. Through the media society puts out high standards and expectation on women to adhere to what they say is beautiful. Making women judge mental and self consciousness about themselves and even judging other woman in a split second. In the book Mrs. Breedlove speaks on the affect the movies had on her,†She was never able, after her education in the movies, to look at a face and not assign it with some category in the scale of absolute beauty, and the scale was one she absorbed in full from the silver screen† (122). This explains how the media can cause society to be judgmental among their peer and categorize them as either beautiful or ugly. Giving society room to isolate and antagonize the ugly and adore and idolize the beautiful. 2. Through The

Media Coverage of the Emmitt Till Murder Played a Major...

On August 28, 1955, fourteen year old Emmett Till was beaten, tortured and shot. Then with barbed wire wrapped around his neck and tied to a large fan, his body was discarded into the Tallahatchi River. What was young Emmett’s offense that brought on this heinous reaction of two grown white men? When he went into a store to buy some bubble gum he allegedly whistled at a white female store clerk, who happened to be the store owner’s wife. That is the story of the end of Emmett Till’s life. Lynchings, beatings and cross-burning had been happening in the United States for years. But it was not until this young boy suffered an appalling murder in Mississippi that the eyes of a nation were irrevocably opened to the ongoing horrors of racism in†¦show more content†¦Sharpton summarizes her decision, â€Å"She found the strength to say, ‘I’ll bear my pain to save some other mother from having to go through this’. And because she put the pict ure of this young man’s body on the conscious of America she might have saved thousands of young black men and women’s lives.† The Reverend goes on to say that through the media coverage of the funeral, â€Å"She was able to graphically bring home what a thousand speeches could not† therefore forcing America face it’s problem of racism. News of Emmett Till’s murder reached media sources across the country and over the ocean. PBS’s history series The American Experience, provides a timeline of how his story spread like wildfire to newspapers around the world. PBS lists several publications which addressed the murder, causing universal public outrage at how something like this could happen to anyone, especially a child. The list includes that on September 2nd, the same day in which Mrs. Till received her son’s body in Chicago, The Jackson Daily in Mississippi published an article on the Till case. In it, they refer to the murder as a â€Å"brutal, senseless crime,† however in the same story they complain that the NAACP was placing too much attention on the incident by referring to it as a â€Å"lynching†. That same day a Belgium newspaper, Le Drapeau Rouge also published an article which was

The Analysis of Internal Control Systems free essay sample

An Investigation of Auditor Decision Processes in the Evaluation of Internal Controls and Audit Scope Decisions 1. Introduction Over the past decade numerous studies have focused on auditors judgments. With few exceptions these studies have found that when auditors are given the same task, they frequently make different decisions. This result has been obtained for relatively simple tasks (e. g. , Joyce [1976]) and relatively complex tasks (e. g. , Reckers and Taylor [1979] and Mock and Turner [1981]). While consensus of decisions is not * Visiting Assistant Professor and Professor, University of Southern California. We would like to thank William Waller and Paul Watkins for their comments on an early draft of this paper. The paper has also benefited from suggestions made by the referee. Financial support from Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co. , the Center for Accounting Research, University of Southern California, and the Graduate School, University of Wisconsin- Madison is gratefully acknowledged. [Accepted for publication August 1982. Studies indicating lack of agreement include: Joyce [1976], Reckers and Taylor [1979], Mock and Turner [1981], and Gaumnitz et al. [1982]. In addition, Ashton [1980] and Libby and Lewis [1981] cite other studies where a lack of agreement has been found. The primary exception to the lack of judgment consensus has been Ashton [1974], which has been replicated by Hamilton and Wright [1982], Ashton and Brown [1980], and Ashton and Kramer [1980]. 234 Copyright (C, Institute of Professional Accounting 1983 AUDITOR DECISION PROCESSES 235 he only criterion by which auditors judgments should be evaluated, it has been of continuing concern to practicing accountants (e. g. , Elliott [1980, p. 10]) and accounting researchers who continue to assess it in various settings. This concern is justified since consensus can be viewed as one of several necessary, although not sufficient, conditions of expert judgment (Einhorn [1974]) and since a lack of consensus may result in excessive audit costs (se e Joyce [1976, p. 31], Mock and Turner [1981], and Elliott [1980, p. 10]). What is surprising, however, is that there is virtually no evidence which can explain why a lack of consensus is often observed. 2 The research reported here was aimed at this question, using verbal protocol analysis to determine how four experienced auditors made different internal control evaluations and audit scope decisions in a relatively complex and comprehensive experimental task developed by Mock and Turner [1981]. The research is a follow-up to the experimental phase of the Mock and Turner study where approximately 200 auditors performed the same experimental task. Mock and Turner found considerable variability in auditors decisions, but their experimental treatments were unable to explain more than 24 percent of the variability. 3 It is hoped that verbal protocol analysis can be used to obtain evidence on the variables which lead to decision divergence by examining the details of subjects step-by-step information-processing behavior. When considered with Mock and Turner [1981], this research can be viewed as a multimethod investigation of auditor information-processing behavior. Such an approach has been recommended as a particularly useful way to employ verbal protocol analysis. (See Einhorn, Kleinmuntz, and Kleinmuntz [1979] and Payne, Braunstein, and Carroll [1978]. ) The overall purpose of the protocol methodology used in this research was to provide detailed evidence of information-processing and choice behavior. Such evidence should help explain any observed differences in decisions, thereby providing knowledge of auditor behavior not available from preceding experimental studies. The focus of the analysis was on the identification of the elements of each subjects problem space. A problem space is a model of an individuals cognitive representation of a task and is a major construct in Newell and Simons [1972] theory of human problem solving. Einhorn and Hogarth [1981, p. 57] have recently emphasized the importance of the problem space in understanding human behavior since different representations can lead to different decisions. Most attempts to explain differences in auditor judgments have concentrated on differences in experience or differences in audit firm association (see Joyce [1976], Hamilton and Wright [1982], and Ashton and Kramer [1980]). In general, these two factors have not provided satisfactory explanations of judgment differences. Subsequent analysis by Mock and Watkins [1981] using a multivariate approach improved the amount of variance explained. However, the variance explained was less than 50 percent in all cases. 236 JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTIN G RESEARCH, SPRING 1983 A key issue, however, is how such evidence can lead to improved judgments. To address this issue two types of situations need to be distinguished. The first consists of situations where optimal solutions are available. Here, research can identify suboptimal behavior and detailed descriptive evidence of auditor decision processes can suggest how to improve subsequent decisions. The second type involves situations in which optimal solutions are not evident. 4 This may be a result of task complexity, incompatible objectives, or a number of other factors. In such cases, the ultimate goal of improving decision making becomes much more difficult to achieve. One approach is to stress consensus in evaluating decisions. While this approach has some merit, there are situations where a consensus cannot be reached, and even if is reached, it may not provide conclusive evidence that a correct decision was made. An alternative approach, which seems to be developing in the research literature, is to gather and evaluate evidence on the components of individuals decision behavior (Hogarth and Makridakis [1981] and Einhorn and Hogarth [1981]). The assumption here is that while it may be difficult to assess the correctness of the final decision outcome, it may be possible to evaluate the decisions individual components. Both satisficing rules and normative evidence from other fields may provide evidence useful in evaluating individual components. For instance, during information acquisition, selective perception (Egeth [1967]) may lead the auditor to disregard conflicting evidence concerning the quality of internal accounting controls, resulting in overreliance on the control and excess audit risk. In complex situations, a multitude of other biases could also occur (Hogarth and Makridakis [1981]) making it difficult to specify, a priori, which of the relevant variables, biases, and heuristics to test. The type of evidence obtainable in a protocol study could be an important first step in developing knowledge which will result in better focused nomothetic audit research and ultimately in improved auditor judgment.

Life Safety Code h... free essay sample

Life Safety Code has provisions for existing as well as new high-rise buildings. NFPA 101 ®, Life Safety Code, 2012 edition, section 11.8 contains requirements potentially applicable to a high-rise building. The chapter for a specific occupancy decides whether all or a few of the section 11. 8 requirements are required for occupancy and decides if the requirements are for new or existing constructed dwellings. Amid section 11.8 needs are an approved supervised automatic sprinkler system; a Class I standpipe system; a fire alarm system alongside an accepted emergency voice/alarm communication system; two-way telephone service for fire department use; emergency lighting; standby power; and an emergency command center. Existing high-rise hotels should be protected throughout by an approved directed automatic sprinkler system. Existing high-rise health care occupancies must be Type I (442 or 332) or Type II (222) construction (as must existing health care occupancies 4-6 floors in height). As per NFPA ,construction of buildings can be categorized into various types. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Safety Code h or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This corresponds to the fire resistive construction type category previously used in NFIRS as well as a subpart of the protected noncombustible category. A provision added to the code in 2009 and modified in the 2012 edition requires existing high-rise hospitals should be guarded with automatic sprinklers within a nine-year period. Since 2006, the code requires all nursing homes, disregarding of height, to be protected with automatic sprinklers. The defined construction types can be briefly summarized by these major characteristics: †¢ Fire resistive – Concrete or fire-resistant-covered steel construction rated for 2 hours; †¢ Heavy timber – Construction where any exposed wood load-bearing members has no dimension less than 2 inches; †¢ Protected non-combustible – Concrete or fire-resistant-covered steel construction rated for 1 hours; †¢ Unprotected non-combustible – Exposed steel construction without fire-resistant covering; †¢ Protected ordinary – Masonry load-bearing walls with columns, wood floors, and roof decks all protected by fire-resistive coating rated for 1 hour; †¢Unprotected ordinary – Masonry load-bearing walls with exposed columns, wood floors, and roof decks without fire-resistive coating; †¢ Protected wood frame – Wood frame construction with wall and ceiling surfaces protected by fire-resistive covering, such as gypsum board; and †¢ Unprotected wood frame – Wood frame construction without fire-resistive covering. High-Rise Building Fires, 9/13 18 NFPA Fire Analysis Research, Quincy, MA Existing high-rise apartment buildings should have an approved directed automatic sprinkler system, installed throughout, with two exceptions. One is if every living unit has exterior exit access in accordance with section 7.5.3; and the another one is whether the building has an approved, engineered life safety system in accordance with section 31. 3.5.11.4. The latter exception for an engineered life safety system is also the only barring to the requirement for a complete, approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in existing high-rise office buildings. NFPA 1 ®, Fire Code, requires sprinkler retrofitting in all high-rise buildings. Since 1999, NFIRS (the national fire incident data base) has included an option to report fires as confined fires, in which case very little detail is required. This change encourages the reporting of very small fires, but introduces a high degree of uncertainty in the analysis of detailed characteristics of those fires

Nature Nurture Essays

Nature Nurture Essays Nature Nurture Essay Nature Nurture Essay Is a childs development influenced primarily by genetics and biological predisposition? Or, could the majority of influence be found in the childs environment? This nature/nurture question is possibly one of the oldest theories debated in psychology (Bee, 2004). Today, it is commonly accepted that most aspects of a childs development are a product of the interaction of both nurture and nature (Bee). Both sides of the nature/nurture argument present compelling evidence of how each factor impacts development. It is no longer a question of whether it is nature or nurture, which influence development, but more importantly in what ways, and to what extent. The Impact of Nature on Development Nature, which is also known as heredity, is the genetic code you are born with. It is passed on to you from your parents. Some examples of nature or heredity could be your height, behavior, and IQ just to name a few. The issue of nature having a great impact on a childs development can be illustrated in the studies of twins. Flanagan (2002) explored the Minnesota study in which a set of twins was raised separately. In one case, a set of identical twins was raised apart, known as the Jim twins. They did not meet until they were almost forty and had many similarities even though they were raised apart. There was no real explanation for all their similarities except that nature must play a crucial role in development. The Minnesota twin study concluded that on multiple measures of personality and temperament, occupational and leisure-time interests and social attitudes, mono-zygotic twins reared apart are about as similar as are mono-zygotic twins reared together (Flanagan). This is a prime example that nature plays a significant role in our development. Another example of nature is the study of adopted babies. Families with adopted children share the same environment, but not the same genetic code (Flanagan, 2002). The Texas Adoption Project found little similarity between adopted children and their siblings, and greater similarity between adopted children and their biological parents (Flanagan). This example also shows how important the role of nature plays on a childs development. Knowing that nature plays a role in a childs development, educators can use this to determine possible disabilities. For example, if two parents have a reading disability, it is more likely that their child may develop a reading disability as well. It gives teachers a heads up on what to look out for. This can help educators be proactive and intervene at earlier ages. The Impact of Nurture on Development The influence of a persons environment on their behavior is a very commonly accepted factor. The question is how much can the environment affect the behavior and abilities of a person. Some basic factors such as nutrition can be shown to have an important influence on the abilities of a person. It has also been demonstrated that fears, through the experiences of children, can be learned. Most importantly, some behaviors, if not learned from the environment, will never develop. Environment plays a significant role in development as humans. When considering a persons environment in influencing ability, nutrition plays an important example. In one study, a group of children were given vitamin and mineral supplements for eight months. They were given intelligence tests before and after the eight-month treatment. The result was improvements in scores as compared to another group whom we not given vitamin and mineral supplements (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). The results suggest that environment plays a role in the intellectual ability of people. It is not an illogical leap to understand this will probably extend to physical abilities as well. Another example of environmental influences in the behavior of people comes from a study done to an infant of 11 months. The infant was subjected to a terrible noise whenever he attempted to touch a white rat in the room with him. The child later displayed fear whenever he came in contact with anything white or furry (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). A last example of environmental influences in behavior comes from France in 1799. A boy of 12 or 13 was found running with wolves. When he was discovered he was brought back into society. He never developed as a normal human and had tremendous difficulties in society (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). This suggests that much of what we consider human behavior is socially learned. While no one would suggest that nurture is the only factor that needs to be considered in discussing behavior, it is definitely a significant factor in how we behave as humans. By ignoring the environment, we would miss a large part of what shapes and guides us in life. In conclusion, both sides of the nature/nurture debate present evidence which supports its impact on development. Studies have shown that heredity is a major factor in developmental similarities among twins raised separately (Flanagan 2002). Studies have also shown that nutrition plays a significant role in cognitive development (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). Most experts agree that most aspects of a childs development are a product of the interaction of both nurture and nature (Bee, 2004). Interestingly, in recent years, new technology has enabled scientists to gain a deeper understanding of the genetic component of development, increasing interest on this side of the debate (Bee). Although no longer an all or nothing issue, the extent to which nature and nurture affect development will likely be debated for years to come. References Bee, Helen (2004). Child and adolescent development (Section 1, pp. 3). Retrieved July 28, 2004, from University of Phoenix website: www. myresource. phoenix. edu Flanagan, C. (2002). Nature and nurture: why are siblings so different? Psychology Review, 8(3), 23. Retrieved July 28, 2004, from the InfoTrac Database. Nature vs. Nurture (2001). Planet Papers. Retrieved July 28, 2004, from the World Wide Web: planetpapers. com/Assets/3492. php

Meaning of Baron Through Medieval Times and After

Meaning of Baron Through Medieval Times and After In the Middle Ages, baron was a title of honor given to any nobleman who pledged his loyalty and service to a superior in return for land that he could pass on to his heirs. The monarch was usually the superior in question, although each baron could parcel out some of his land to subordinate barons. Read on the learn about the etymology of the term and how the title has changed over the centuries. The Origins of Baron The term baron is an Old French, or Old Frankish, a word that means man or servant. This Old French term derives from the Late Latin word, baro. Barons in Medieval Times Baron was a hereditary title that arose in the Middle Ages that was given men who offered his loyalty in exchange for land. Thus, barons usually possessed a fief. During this time period, there was no specific rank associated with the title. Barons existed in Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Decline of the Baron Title In France, King Louis XIV diminished the prestige of the baron title by making numerous men barons, thus cheapening the name.   In Germany, the equivalent of a baron was freiherr, or free lord. Freiherr at first connoted a dynastic status, but eventually, the more influential freiherrs  rebranded themselves as counts. Thus, the freiherr title came to mean a low class of nobility.   The baron title was abolished in Italy in 1945 and in Spain in 1812. Modern Usage Barons are still a term used by certain governments. Today a baron is a title of nobility ranking just below that of a viscount. In countries where there are no viscounts, a baron ranks just below a count.

UNDERSTANDING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

UNDERSTANDING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR - Assignment Example This is the stance of management ever since. Any marketing plan should begin with consumer and satisfying its wants because that is the only justification for the existence of a store, the Electro store for that matter. Electro Store should be able to understand the consumer’s needs, wants, desires, preferences, beliefs and other odd behaviors in order to win the customer. It is therefore the responsibility of Electro store to learn as much as possible these factors of potential customers. There are sociological factors that influence household purchasing decisions; these are cohesion, adaptability and communication. Cohesion is defined as the emotional bonding between family members. It measures how close to each other feel on an emotional level. It reflects a sense of connectedness to or separateness to other family members. Buying decisions are greatly influenced by the member of the family. There is no question that the bulk of household purchases are made by women, but major decisions like buying a car, appliances, or real property are jointly done by the husband and wife, and sometimes with consultation with children. A joint decision only shows cohesiveness of the family. Therefore when the buying decision is done the family as a group – the role of the marketers is to target the family through their marketing campaigns. Adaptability is described as the ability of the family to change its power, role, relationships, and relationship rules in response to situational and developmental stress. The degree of adaptability shows how well a family can meet the challenges presented by the situation. These challenges can come from reference groups that have the potentials of influencing behavior. Reference groups are groups of individuals that one interacts often. Examples are friends, family relatives, and co-workers. They have the potentials of influencing behavior. For example, if the product is visible like car, shoes or